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Ely Carroll

This page is about the DNA of an ancient Irish clan called Ely Carroll. This is a name that surfaced in the Middle Ages. Ely is an anglicized form of Éile, a territory in Tipperary and Offaly. This clan was originally known as Clan Cian or Ciannachta, going back to a man named Cian in the 4th century. The most famous person to descend from this clan in moderntimes is Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a signer of the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton

In 2008, a descendant of Charles Carroll of Carrollton joined the Carroll DNA Project at Family Tree DNA and had his Y-chromosome DNA tested. His DNA is published along side other Carrolls on the Carroll DNA Project Results page at FTDNA. He is kit 112378.

Y-DNA is handed down male to male like traditional surnames. So, his DNA is the same as his ancestor, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Other Carrolls in the Carroll DNA Project could now see whether their DNA matched up. About 10% of the Carrolls in the project match up.

Signature of Charles Carroll of Carrrollton on the Declaration of Independence, 1776.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton is important because he was a signer of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. He was the only Roman Catholic to sign, and he was the sole surviving signer following the deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 1826.

The pedigree of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and his descendant who has tested his DNA, goes back to 4th century Ireland. And the descendant's DNA matches up with the DNA of men with six surnames that are supposed to be related.

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A Coincidence of Six Names

Many people with Ely Carroll DNA do not have historical surnames. The major names are: Dooley, Purcell, Springer, Tracey. Ely Carroll DNA has not yet been found for several historical Ely Carroll names: Corcoran, Healy, O'Gara/O'Hara. See Historical Surnames.

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Ancient Pedigree of Kit 112378

Google Books has made the 1892 edition available online: Volume I and Volume II. The University of Pittsburgh Library System has made the 1892 edition available online as a PDF file or Ebook: Volume I and Volume II. Library Ireland has made a transcript of Volume I available online.

Years 1150 to 1550. The October 1883 issue of the Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland contains an article by Frederick John O'Carroll entitled "True Version of the Pedigree of Carroll of Carrollton." The article takes the above pedigree from Fionn, King of Ely, who was slain 1205, up to Donough, who lived around 1550.

Detail from Map of Irelande by Baptist Boazio, 1599. Included as Map 2 in Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500-1782 with permission of the British Library, Maps, C.2.cc.1.

Years 1550 to the present. In the year 2000, The University of North Crolina Press published a book that includes a pedigree of Charles Carroll of Carrollton. The author is Ronald Huffman, professor of history at the College of William and Mary. The title is Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500-1782. Below is a pedigree taken from that book. (Generation numbers have been added to facilitate reference to the more distant pedigrees provided above.)

125. Donnell McTeige Oure O'Carroll of Kenechane and Ballymooney – circa 1550
126. Daniel Carroll of Ballymooney
127. Anthony Carroll of Aghagurty
128. Daniel Carroll of Aghagurty and Litterluna (1642-1688)
129. Charles Carroll the Settler (1660-1720) – immigrated to Maryland in 1688 and brought with him a "little Irish Manuscript Book" containing the genealogies of the O'Carrolls. Built Doughregan Manor near Ellicott City, Maryland, and the Carroll House in Annapolis
130. Charles Carroll of Annapolis (1702-1782)
131. Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832) – signer of the Declaration of Independence
132. Charles Carroll of Homewood (1775-1825)
133. Charles Carroll V (1801-1862)
134. Gov. John Lee Carroll (1830-1911) – Governor of Maryland from 1876 to 1880
135. Philip Acosta Carroll (1879-1957)
136. Private
137. Kit 112378

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Ely Carroll Timeline

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Ireland circa 700 AD, showing Éile in north eastern Munster. Source: Dennis Walsh, Ireland's History in Maps.

Ely Carroll Map

The map to the right shows Éile, the territory of Ely Carroll, in the north eastern part of Munster in 700 AD, in the present-day counties of Offaly and Tipperary. This map comes from a website developed by Dennis Walsh. He has a good summary of the history of Éile.

The Ely Carroll Map shows:

• Castles and other locations associated with Ely Carroll
• Carroll locations in Maryland
• Locations where ancestors of DNA testers are from.

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Ely Carroll DNA Project – Testing

The test results evaluated here all came from Family Tree DNA. Only 67 or 111 markers tested are included here because those tests include the 66th marker, 492, which is crucial to the analysis.

If you are a male with the name of an Ely Carroll descendant, you may benefit from participating in the Ely Carroll DNA Project at Family Tree DNA.

Family Tree DNA has the largest DNA database in the field. For a look inside the FTDNA lab, see "A Visit to Family Tree DNA's State-of-the-Art Lab," written by Cece Moore in February 2013 based on a tour in November 2012.

The Ely Carroll DNA Project was started in January 2011. The project is designed to attract Ely Carroll descendants, encourage upgrades to the 67-marker test, and promote Ely Carroll research.

You can participate in our project as well as a project specifically set up for your surname. There is no additional cost for being part of two projects.

By testing the Y-chromosome DNA, males can determine the origin of their paternal line. Note that the Y-chromosome DNA strictly checks the paternal line, with no influence of any females along that line. Females do not receive the Y-chromosome, and therefore females cannot be tested for the paternal line. If you are a female and would like to know about your paternal line, you would have to find a brother or a male relative from that line willing to be tested.

The two swabs and scraper tubes in the FTDNA Kit. For more on how it's done, see "DNA Collection Method" by Dave Dorsey.

Y-chromosome DNA goes back male to male like traditional surnames.

You sign up online for FTDNA and they deduct the cost from your credit card. They send you in the mail a kit containing two scrapers that you use to swab the inside of your cheeks in four-hour intervals. You return the scrapers in receptacles and mailer provided in the kit. You get final results on line two months later.

If you decide to have your DNA tested, you should choose the 67 or 111 markers. The lesser tests of 12, 25, or 37 markers do not include marker 492, which is key to verifying a match with Ely Carroll descendants.

Most names have multiple origins. For example, there are Carrolls with 25 different types of DNA. For this reason, your results may show that your DNA does not match the Ely Carroll DNA, which will lead you in a different ancestry direction.

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Ely Carroll DNA Project – Results

Following is a chart showing values of the Y-DNA of markers 1 to 111 for the current participants in the Ely Carroll DNA project, by surname category. The category descriptions include:

• Surname
• Source that describes the surname pedigree
• The range of genetic distances from the 67-marker Ely Carroll modal DNA

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Ely Carroll DNA Project – SNPs

All of the current participants in the Ely Carroll project who have tested 67 markers are predicted by FTDNA to have the M269 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism). The terminal SNP for Ely Carroll is DF21. The Ely Carroll SNPs downstream of M269 are L23, L11, P312, L21, DF21. Ely Carroll shares the DF21 SNP with a number of other people, some of whom have further downstream SNPs. See L21 and DF21 SNPs.

DF21. DF21 is a newly discovered SNP downstream of L21. Sixteen Ely Carroll kits have been tested for the DF21 SNP and all have it: 3722, 23133, 24434, 45013, 115408, 132975, 162593, 174346, 185954, 190806, 194206, 208745, 223130, 276544, 283359, N54562.

No Ely Carroll kits have tested positive for SNPs downstream of DF21. A number of kits have tested negative.

• 3 kits have tested negative for Z246.
• 1 kit has tested negative for DF25.
• 2 kits have tested negative for DF5.
• 3 kits have tested negative for Z253.
• 2 kit has tested negative for L720.
• 8 kits have tested negative for P314.2.

Geno 2.0. Linville 23133 participated in the Geno 2.0 test, but no SNPs were found downstream of DF21.

BIG Y. In November 2013, FTDNA announced a new SNP testing program called BIG Y, which has the possibility of discovering SNPs downstream of DF21. Rose 6781, Bowe 146114, and Tracy 45013 have applied for BIG Y test. Results are not expected until February. If representatives of different subgroups within Ely Carroll take the test, we may learn something about how the Ely Carroll group evolved over time.

Parallel to DF21. There are a number of SNPs that are parallel to DF21. No Ely Carroll kits have tested positive for parallel SNPs.

• 12 kits have tested negative for M222
• 2 kits have tested negative for DF23.
• 9 kits have tested negative for L226.
• 7 kits have tested negative for L159.2.
• 3 kits have tested negative for Z253.
• 1 kit has tested negative for L513.

SNP Results Page. Following is a chart showing the positive and negative Y-DNA SNP test results for the current participants in the Ely Carroll project.

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Ely Carroll DNA Database – Marker Values

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Ely Carroll DNA Database – Modal DNA and Key Markers

The study of Ely carroll DNA began with a preliminary modal DNA for relatively small number of people who had Ely Carroll names and DNA similar. This modal DNA evolved into a modal DNA, based on data from the Ely Carroll DNA Project, under the user ID of TG7S3 at Ysearch. This TG7S3 Ely Carroll Modal DNA is now the one used in this study. Since June 2009 the database of people with Ely Carroll DNA has expanded and the modal has been recomputed. Each time, the modal has remained the same.

A reference group was put together of people who do not have the Ely Carroll DNA. This group helps to understand the uniqueness of Ely Carroll DNA, such as marker 492=11.

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Ely Carroll DNA Database – Genetic Distance

Actual calculations were made using the FTDNA 111 Mode BETA version of the McGee Utility. Input to the utility consists of the DNA of the participants from the Source Data.

As of October 2013, there were 76 people included in the Ely Carroll database. They have been included because their DNA has been found to match fairly closely with Ely Carroll Modal DNA. Of these 76, 48 were included in the Ely Carroll DNA Project at Family Tree DNA. The rest have been by searching surname studies at FTDNA and through the use of Ysearch.

The genetic distance between the Ely Carroll group and the 67-marker Ely Carroll Modal DNA ranges between 1 and 12, and averages 6. Of the 76 people, 65 or 86% of the group have a genetic distance of 2 to 9.

There are 2,850 possible comparisons among the 76 Ely Carroll people: n*(n-1)/2, where n is the number of people. The genetic distances for these pairs range between 0 and 22. The average is 9.8. The total of such genetic distances up to 7 is 1,614, or 57% of the total possible matches. So, the matches that Ely Carroll people see are probably all fellow Ely Carrolls, but only 57% of the total.

FTDNA shows each participant his 67-marker matches up to a genetic distance of 7 on his homepage. And it allows participants to restrict the showing of their matches to the people in their surname project. In October 2013, the Ely Carroll database numbered 76. The theoretical 67-marker match experience (within a genetic distance of 7) varied considerably by individual, from 1 to 53. The average was 21.

As indicated above, the genetic distance between the Ely Carroll group and the 67-marker Ely Carroll Modal DNA ranges between 1 and 12. The table below shows the percentage ditribution of genetic distances at 67 markers and for fewer and more markers.

Table of Genetic Distances. The table below shows the 67-marker genetic distances for the 79 people in the database as of December 2013. It shows the genetic distance between each one and the modal. For example, Carroll 112378 has a genetic distance of 4 from the modal. And his genetic distances from the other people in the database range from 5 to 15.

• The genetic distances from the modal range from 1 to 12 (average: 6.0).
• The genetic distances among the participants range from 0 to 22 (average: 9.8).

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First sketch of the deoxyribonucleic acid double-helix pattern in 1953 by Francis Crick.

Historical Surnames

1. Bohan/Bowe - 21675, 103590, 15288, 177452, 30445, 146114, 203816, 203814, 174346, 276544
2. Carroll - 14073, 120553, 93928, 229066, 190806, 283359, 107055, 112059, 112378, 12777, 71400, 185954, 23133
3. Flanagan - 3722 and 7 Flanagan with private data
4. Meagher/Maher/Mahar/Mahan - N73615, 8099, N41701, 22400, 24434, 206466
5. Murphy - 223130, 194206
6. Redmond - 256801

Many people with Ely Carroll DNA do not have historical surnames. The major names are: Dooley, Purcell, Springer, Tracey. Ely Carroll DNA has not yet been found for several historical Ely Carroll names: Corcoran, Healy, O'Gara/O'Hara.

Many people do not know where their patronymic ancestor came from, which is not uncommon. Only a small number of those tested live in Ireland. Most live in America. Many of those have resorted to DNA testing for the very reason that they do not know where there ancestors came from when the emigrated to America.

The Ely Carroll Group includes some people with non-Irish sounding names. It includes some people who are related to each other. It includes surnames where there is only one representative.

Some names historically associated with Ely Carroll, like Healy, O'Hara/O'Gara, and Corcoran, are not found in the study. There are a number of good reasons.

• Only a small number of people have had their DNA tested thus far.
• Many who have had their DNA tested have tested only 12, 25, or 37 markers rather than the 67 required for this study.
• Some people have been tested by an organization other than Family Tree DNA.
• Some people may have lost their name because an ancestor changed his name or was adopted.
• Ancient pedigrees probably included some surnames of people who were not really Ely Carroll descendants.

There are 43 people in the Ely Carroll database (57% of the total) that do not have historical Ely Carroll surnames. There are a number of good reasons.

• The historical lists of Ely Carroll descendants were incomplete.
• The name is on an historical list of Ely Carroll descendants but we have not found it yet.
• In early Irish history there was the concept of “fostering,” where two powerful tribal leaders would place their infant son with the other family to seal a defensive alliance. It is likely that some of these sons took on the tribal name of the family with whom they were placed.
• There was a name change by an ancestor.
• They or an ancestor were adopted.

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Multiple-Sept Surnames

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L21 and DF21 SNPs

All Ely Carroll project members who have tested for the L21 SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) have tested positive. L21 was discovered in October 2008. People with the L21 SNP are said to be members of the R1b1a2a1a1b4 haplogroup. As groups of scientists discover SNPs, they are named for the research lab and the order in which they are found. The L in L21 indicates that it was found at the Family Tree DNA Genomic Research Center in Houston, Texas. The L stands for Leo Little who did much pioneering work in genetic genealogy and who died in 2008. (L21 is known as S145 in some testing organizations.)

The L21 SNP is estimated to be 4,000 years old. It is sometimes referred to as a "Celtic" SNP. In their 2011 book The Scots, A Genetic Journey, Alistair Moffat and James F. Wilson say L21 "could be said to be the most emphatic signal of the Celtic language speakers of the British Isles. It is found in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland and it is almost certainly characteristic of those farming communities who may have spoken early forms of Celtic languages in the centuries around 2,000 BC."

L21 SNP Tree, Including DF21

Ely Carroll participants also have tested positive for the DF21 SNP, which is downstream of L21. The first Ely Carroll member tested positive for DF21 in August 2011. As of October 13, 13 of 48 members of the Ely Carroll project have tested for DF21 and all have tested positive. This further narrows the haplogroup for Ely Carroll descendants. All Ely Carroll descendants are expected to have the DF21 SNP. Other groups also have the DF21 SNP--perhaps 10 percent of all those with the L21 SNP. The DF21 SNP is estimated to be 2,500 to 3,000 years old, compared with 4,000 for the L21 SNP. It was discovered by an anonymous researcher using publicly available full-genome-sequence data, including the 1000 Genomes Project data. The DF in DF21 is taken from DNA-Forums.org, a now-defunct genetic genealogy community. (DF21 is known as S192 in some testing organizations.)

DF21 SNP Tree, Including Ely Carroll

Ely Carroll participants are urged to join the L21 project and DF21 project at FTDNA. The DF21 project has been set up by David Reynolds for people who have tested positive for the DF21 SNP or are interested in ordering the test.

If you are interested in more testing, you should order the DF21 SNP test. To order the DF21 test, go to your FTDNA home page and click on Order an Upgrade. Then, go to ORDER ADVANCED TESTS (not ORDER ADVANCED SNP TESTS). The cost is $39.

The L21 Yahoo Group has been set up to serve as a forum for those interested in DF21 and other SNPs downstream of L21. We also have a Ely Carroll Yahoo Group has been set up to serve as a forum for those interested specifically in Ely Carroll DNA.

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BIG Y

At the end of February 2014, FTDNA may be able to identify new Y-chromosome SNPs for Ely Carroll testers downstream of DF21. The SNPs would come from a new product called BIG Y, which will look at more than 1/3 of the testable portion of the Y chromosome. The new SNPs could be of several varieties.

1. SNPs downstream of DF21 but not be exclusive to Ely Carroll.
2. A SNP exclusive to Ely Carroll.
3. SNPs splitting Ely Carroll into multiple subgroups.
4. Private SNPs that are limited to one or two individuals.

Four Ely Carrolls have ordered BIG-Y. Characteristics of the 4 testers are as follows.

• All orders were placed in November 2013, with results due in February 2014.
• All have tested 111 markers.
• Two have tested DF21+. Two have not tested.
• Genetic distances from the 67-marker modal DNA for Ely Carroll range from 5 to 11.
• All have the two key Ely Carroll marker values: 390=25 and 492=11.
• Two of the 4 names match up with names in ancient Ely Carroll pedigrees.

The BIG Y test was on sale for $495 in November 2013. The regular price is $695. On your FTDNA personal page, you should see a blue and white BIG Y square in the middle of the page, which you can click on to read more about BIG Y.

Results were originally due February 28, 2014, for the November 2013 orders. This is a new product, however, so we should not be surprised that it has slipped. Results are now expected to roll out gradually through March 28.

Regular SNP tests are likely to be offered by FTDNA for any new SNPs so that all Ely Carrols can tell whether they have them for $39 per SNP.

The table below lists the 4 BIG Y testers in Ely Carroll. It shows:

• the tester's genetic distance from the 67-marker Ely Carroll modal DNA
• the number of matches that the tester has on his personal page at 67 markers
• the tester's Ely Carroll subgroup
• the 67-marker genetic distances among members of the tester's subgroup (click on matrix)
• a link to the page in O'Hart's 1892 Irish Pedigrees that ties the subgroup surname to Ely Carroll
• links the the FTDNA surname projects for the subgroup

BIG Y Tester Name and Kit #	Order and Delivery Date	Genetic Distance from 67-Marker Ely Carroll Modal DNA	FTDNA Matches at 67 Markers	Ely Carroll Subgroup	Subgroup Genetic Distances	Ely Carroll History	FTDNA Surname Project	Comments
Bowe 146114	Nov. 15	4	29	Bowe		O'Hart 179	Bowes Bohan	O'Cnaimhin, anglicized Nevin, Bone, Bonass, and Bowen
Linville 23133	Nov. 27	5	27	Carroll		O'Hart 178	Carroll Linville	Princes of Ely O'Carroll. Oral history indicates that surname was once changed from Carroll to Linville
Rose 6781	Nov. 11	5	36				Rose
Tracey 45013	Nov. 20	11	2	Tracy			Tracy

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Analysis of L21 and DF21 DNA

The genetic distances among the 67-marker modal DNAs of the subgroups listed above range between 11 and 20 as shown in the following table. Calculations were made using the FTDNA 111 Mode BETA version of the McGee Utility. The method of computing genetic distance is the hybrid mutation model. If a marker has a null value for one person and a positive value for another, the marker is ignored. So, the genetic distances between the Clan Colla modal and other modals ignore marker 425 and are a little low. As an example, see Colla Versus Niall DNA.

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History Lessons

• McDonalds who were Lords of the Isles had previously been thought by some to be descended from Colla Uais, but a group descended from the Lords of the Isles, including chiefs and chieftans, has been found by Clan Donald DNA project to have Viking DNA. There is, nevertheless, a significant number of McDonalds with Clan Colla DNA, some of whom are descended from Colla da Crioch, but most of whom appear to be descended from Colla Uais. There are also a number of McDonalds descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages and a Scottish cluster thought by some to be from Dalriada or Pictish. A December 2010 study of 213 McDonalds with 67 markers showed the following distribution: 21 Clan Colla, 18 Niall of the Nine Hostages, 27 Scottish cluster, 61 Norse, and 86 ungrouped.
• All McGuires had previously been thought by some to be descended from Clan Colla, but there is a significant group of McGuires and their McManus descendants that have different SNPs from Clan Colla and a genetic distance of 21 from Clan Colla.
• Hy Maine and Clan Colla had previously been thought by some to be descended from a common ancestor, but they have different SNPs and there is a genetic distance of 17 between their modals. There are Kellys with Clan Colla DNA, but they are likely from another Kelly pedigree called Clankelly.
• Northwest Irish (Niall) and Clan Colla had previously been thought by some to be descended from a common ancestor, but they have different SNP and there is a genetic distance of 20 between their modals.
• South Irish, Brian Boru, and Ely Carroll had previously been thought by some as descended from a common ancestor, Olioll Olum. DNA testing has proven otherwise, as they have different SNPs and significant genetic distances between their modals:
  • 9 between South Irish and Brian Boru,
  • 13 between South Irish and Ely Carroll, and
  • 12 between Brian Boru and Ely Carroll.

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Deep Ancestry

Patrick McMahon analyzed the geographic distribution of the members of the L21 project at FTDNA in January 2011 and made the following observation.

Assuming today's testers are a random sample, these results support the views put forward by many that the L21 SNP occurred somewhere north of the Alps (about 4,000 years ago) and the L21 population drifted Northwest over time concentrating in the western fringes of the British Isles mainly in Ireland. North of the Alps would most likely be Germany or France where the original (presumed) high numbers would over time be replaced by further waves of migrants or simply driven North by more advanced civilisations.

How they made their way to Ireland is open to conjecture. The shortest sea journey then (3,000 to 4,000 years ago) as now would be from France to Southern England. However, they could have made their way directly to Ireland from Brittany (or via Cornwall or Wales). The figures support the view that there was no significant migration towards the Eastern parts of Europe and only minor ones to Scandinavia and Spain with the main thrust through Northern France to Britain and Ireland. Archaeologists have termed these peoples (and the proto-Collas are part of this population) as 'Bronze-age' Britons.

For a good presentation of the origins, age, spread, and ethnic association of Europeans see The Peopling of Europe and Eupedia. Following is a haplogroup timeline taken from Eupedia. "ybp" is years before the present.

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How to Explain DNA to Your Family

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Bibliography

Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500-1782 by Ronald Hoffman, The University of North Carolina Press, 2000 (paperback 2002).

• Annals of the Four Masters, 1632-1636, translated into English from the original Irish:
  • John O'Donovan, 1848-1851:
    • Volume 1 (from the earliest period to the year 902)
    • Volume 2 (years 903-1171)
    • Volume 3 (years 1172-1372)
    • Volume 4 (years 1373-1500)
    • Volume 5 (years 1501-1588)
    • Volume 6 (years 1589-1616)
  • Owen Connellan, 1845: Volume 3 (years 1171 to 1392) with extensive annotation
• DNA USA: A Genetic Portrait of America by Bryan Sykes, 2012.
• Daniel Carroll II, One Man and His Descendants, 1730-1978 by Mary Virginia Geiger, 1979.
• The History of Ireland, by Geoffrey Keating (1569-1644), translated into English from the original Irish:
  • Translation 1, by David Comyn and Patrick S. Dinneen in the early 1900s
  • Translation 2, by John O'Mahony, 1857
• Irish Families, Their Names, Arms and Origins by Edward MacLysaght (1887-1986), Irish Academic press, 1957. Revised or reprinted in 1972, 1978, 1985, and 1991
• Irish Names and Surnames by Rev. Patrick Woulfe, Dublin,1923. Reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Co. in 1967, 1969, 1993
• Irish Pedigrees; or, the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation, by John O'Hart
  • First Edition, 1876
  • Second Edition, 1878
  • Third Edition, 1881
  • Fourth Edition, 1887
  • Fifth Edition, 1892: Volume I and Volume II
• Medieval Gaelic Sources, by Katharine Simms, Four Courts Press, 2009
• Ordnance Survey Letters for Offaly in 1838, hand written by historian John O'Donovan and his assitant Thomas O'Conor and published in a typescript by Fr. Michael Flanagan in 1933. Letters 54 to 57 pertain to Ely Carroll history.
  • 54.The Extent of Ely O'Carroll
  • 55.The Cantreds of Ely O'Carroll
  • 56.The Genealogy of the O'Carrolls
  • 57.Ely O'Carroll
• Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500-1782 by Ronald Hoffman, The University of North Carolina Press, 2000 (paperback 2002)
• Saxons, Vikings, and Celts by Bryan Sykes, 2006. UK edition titled Blood of the Isles
• The Scots, A Genetic Journey by Alistair Moffat and James F. Wilson, 2011.
• A Social History of Ancient Ireland by Patrick Weston Joyce, 1903: Volume I and Volume II
• Special Report on Surnames in Ireland, by Sir Robert Edwin Matheson, 1909.
• The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland, by Seumas MacManus, 1921.
• Surnames, DNA, & Family History, by George Redmonds, Turi King, and David Hey, Oxford University Press, 2011
• The Surnames of Ireland by Edward MacLysaght (1887-1986), Barnes & Noble, Inc., 1969
• Varieties and Synonymes of Surnames and Christian Names in Ireland, by Sir Robert Edwin Matheson, 1890.

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Links

• Kevin Carroll has a website at Carroll Roots.
• Martha Bowes has an Ely Carroll Yahoo Group which has messages, files, and links relating to Ely Carroll. The purpose of the group is to learn about Ely Carroll from material submitted by group members and ask questions of group members. You can send messages to the group, respond to messages submitted by others, add Internet links and files relating to Ely Carroll, and learn from links and files submitted by others.
• The Ely Carroll DNA Project is designed to attract Ely Carroll descendants, encourage testing pertinent to Ely Carroll DNA, and promote Ely Carroll research.
• Martha Bowes has a web page that discusses the Bowes Ely Carrolls: Early Irish, Ely Carroll Bowe Group Discovered.
• Tyrone Bowes, a member of our project, is a consultant who helps people find where they are from in the Isles based on Y-DNA. See his Irish Origenes. See his Bowes case study, which pinpoints his own and Ely Carroll genetic homeland.
• Peter Carroll, a member of our project, has a web site at South Wales Carrolls with many Ely Carroll links.
• The Heritage Office of County Offaly has a document on the Ballindarra Castle of Ely Carroll.
• Jack Wilson maintains a web page on the Maher, Meagher, Mahar Surname.
• The Offaly County Council has a Heritage web page.

"The Medieval Territory of the Ely O'Carroll Clan," created by Tyrone Bowes, Irish Origenes.

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